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Gold Seal Lesson:
Chi-Square Test
And Blood Types
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Copernicus
Education Gateway
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Subject:
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Science
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Grade:
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9-12
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ICLE Standards:
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Mathematics: Test hypotheses using appropriate
statistics.
Science: Develop an understanding of the
molecular basis of heredity. Develop an understanding of scientific
inquiry.
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Performance Task:
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Several members of Hector's family have been
afflicted with stomach cancer. He became particularly interested when the
topic of blood types was discussed in his biology class. Classroom
discussion centered on some of the related conditions of people suffering
with stomach cancer. During this discussion, the question was raised
concerning whether blood type distribution may differ among those suffering
from stomach cancer as compared to the general population.
This activity will provide you with some data that will help you answer the
question raised in the above story. You will need to use the Chi-square
test to accept or reject an appropriate hypothesis.
Materials Needed: Calculator
Determine the number of individuals with each blood type among 200 patients
with stomach cancer, assuming the distribution of blood types among the
patients is the same as the distribution of blood types in the general
population as shown in the chart below.
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The observed frequency of blood types among 200 patients with stomach
cancer is shown in the chart below.
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Using the formula = Chi-square, determine
the goodness of fit for the data in the tables above.
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Is the result of the Chi-square
test enough to reject the hypothesis that blood-type distribution
among patients with
stomach cancer is different from the blood-type distribution in the general
population?
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In your science lab notebook, write a summary of this inquiry, stating
any conclusions/inferences that you can make as a result of the inquiry.
Note to the teacher: This task requires students to perform the Chi-square
test to determine the goodness of fit of data to test a hypothesis
correlating stomach cancer with blood type. The student will be able to
compare observed data to expected outcomes and, therefore, accept or reject
a hypothesis.
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Knowledge / Skills:
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Know and apply the principles of scientific
inquiry. (xs1)
Perform operations with signed (positive and
negative) numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions. (m1)
Understand the use of variables in expressions
such as 4x, x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables. (m7)
Use writing as a tool for learning in formats
such as learning logs, laboratory reports, note-taking, and journals. (ela40)
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Rubric:
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3 Points =
The student accurately calculates the expected number of people with
different blood types in a population of 200 individuals. He/she used these
data in the Chi-square test formula and accurately calculates the
Chi-square. The student interprets the results to accept or reject the
hypothesis. The lab notebook entry is complete, concise, and clearly
written.
2 Points = The student accurately calculates the
expected number of people with different blood types in a population of 200
individuals. He/she has difficulty using the data to calculate the
Chi-square, but is successful with some coaching. The student interprets
the results to accept or reject the hypothesis. The lab notebook entry is
complete, but is neither concise nor clearly written.
1 Point = The student does not complete the task without having the
data placed in the formula. He/she demonstrates little understanding of
using a mathematical test to accept or reject a scientific hypothesis. The
lab notebook entry is incomplete, vague, and poorly written.
0 Points = The student does not complete the task
and shows no understanding of the mathematics or science concepts in the
activity. He/she applies little effort and shows no ability to apply the
concepts to this or any situation. The lab notebook entry is either not
made or is so poorly entered as to be meaningless.
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Keywords:
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LIFE SCIENCE
DISEASE
HUMAN BODY
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
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Grades:
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Kg [] - 1 [] - 2 [] - 3 [] - 4 [] - 5 [] - 6 [] - 7 [] - 8 [] - 9 [X]
- 10 [X] - 11 [X] - 12 [X]
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ICLE Application:
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D
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© 2000 International
Center for Leadership in Education
1587 Route 146 - Rexford - NY - 12148
518.399.2776 Fax: 518.399.7607
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