Gold Seal Lesson:
Balancing Act

Copernicus Education Gateway

 

Subject:

Science

Grade:

 

 

5-8

 

 

ICLE Standards:

 

 

Science as Inquiry: Develop the abilities of scientific inquiry.

Physical Science: Develop an understanding of motion and forces.

Measurement: Extend understandings of the concepts of mass and weight; estimate, make, and use measurements to describe and compare phenomena.

Communication: Develop the ability to communicate mathematical and scientific ideas.

 

 

Performance Task:

 

 

Note to the teacher: Each group will need a meter stick, a fulcrum, some clay, and some square nuts and washers.

In this task you will work in groups of three to investigate the relationship between mass and distance in a balanced system. 

Begin by placing your fulcrum on the table and balancing a meter stick on it. Go to the clay weighing station and make several pieces of clay that have the same mass. Make a second set of clay pieces having equal masses, but different from your first set. Mark each piece of clay and record its mass. Place clay pieces of the same mass on the meter stick at equal distances from the fulcrum. Repeat several times using both masses of clay and varying the distances from the fulcrum. 

Observe and record your findings. What can you conclude? Now make a balanced system using a combination of clay pieces at different distances from the fulcrum. Try to bring your lever (meter stick and fulcrum) into balance. 

Observe and record the mass of the clay pieces and the distances of each from the fulcrum. Create a balanced system by placing a combination of nuts and washers at different distances from the fulcrum. Use as many combinations as you can. What do you find? Discuss the results of this activity with group members. What conclusions can you make? Illustrate your conclusions mathematically. State this conclusion as a generalization or rule. Give some examples of objects of known mass and their distances from the fulcrum to create a balanced system.  In your science journal, write a report of this activity. 

Explain what you did and what conclusions your group made. Include the mathematical illustrations of your conclusions and some diagrams illustrating the relationships between the mass of objects on a meter stick and their distances from the fulcrum to obtain a state of balance.

 

 

Knowledge / Skills:

 

 

Measure properties of the environment using dimensional quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume, acceleration, etc. Compare quantities and consider the error involved with measuring environmental properties.  (s23)

Understand the nature of change in the environment and how it occurs through the occurrence of an event (e.g., altering the properties of matter or of a system). Describe and measure change using time and space relationships as a frame of reference.  (s24

Know how to obtain accuracy and precision using common measuring devices.  (s33)

Know and apply the principles and tools of measurement.   (xm1)

Use writing as a tool for learning in formats such as learning logs, laboratory reports, note-taking, and journals.  (e40)

 

 

Rubric:

 

 

4 POINTS:  The students cooperate with each other on the task to achieve balanced systems. They make the connection between the masses of the clay and their distances from the fulcrum and also are able to state and explain the mathematical relationship M 1 x D 1 = M 2 x D 2 . The students are able to state a generalization or rule about a system in balance. The students make necessary modifications when balancing more than two pieces of clay to achieve a balanced system and create new combinations using the square nuts and washers. Students demonstrate cooperative work skills, and all members contribute equally to complete the task. The student's journal entry is complete, concise, clear, and demonstrates good language arts skills.

 

 

3 POINTS:  The students work cooperatively with team members to achieve balanced systems. They make the connection between the masses of the clay and their distances from the fulcrum but are unable to state the mathematical relationship. The students have difficulty stating a rule or giving a generalization about a balanced system. The students have difficulty balancing more than two pieces of clay and may require teacher assistance in solving this task. The students are unable to create a balanced system using the square nuts and washers. They demonstrate cooperative work skills, but at times one member of the group seems to dominate. The student's journal entry is adequate, but not written in a clear manner, indicating some deficiencies of language arts skills.

 

 

2 POINTS:  The students can balance two pieces of clay, but cannot explain the factors that affect balancing. They demonstrate limited understanding of the mathematical relationship between mass and distance and do not recognize the connection on their own. The students are unable to complete the whole task and have no idea what to do with the square nuts and washers. They do not demonstrate an understanding of the balancing principle. The students are not uncooperative but have difficulty working as a team. The student's journal entry is incomplete and vague. The student demonstrates a lack of writing skills.

 

 

1 POINT:  Even with constant supervision and guidance, the students are unable to complete the task. They demonstrate no understanding of the mathematical relationship between mass and distance and cannot explain the factors that affect balancing. The students work poorly as a team and may be uncooperative with each other at times. The student's journal entry, if made, is meaningless and contains many grammatical errors.

 

 

Keywords:

 

 

MECHANICS
MOTION
SIMPLE MACHINES
PHYSICS

CHEMISTRY
LAB EXPERIMENTS                
EARTH SCIENCE
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
MEASUREMENT

 

 

Grades:

 

 

Kg [] - 1 [] - 2 [] - 3 [] - 4 [] - 5 [x] - 6 [x] - 7 [x] - 8 [x] - 9 [] - 10 [] - 11 [] - 12 []

 

 

ICLE Application:

 

 

D

 

 

 

 

 

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